PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast) is a family of multicast routing protocols that enables efficient delivery of multicast traffic by building distribution trees independent of the underlying unicast routing protocol, supporting various operational modes including Dense Mode, Sparse Mode, and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM). It uses Rendezvous Points (RPs) in Sparse Mode to establish shared trees and supports features like Auto-RP and Bootstrap Router (BSR) for dynamic RP discovery and election. PIM provides scalable multicast forwarding for applications such as video streaming, software distribution, and real-time communications while optimizing bandwidth utilization through intelligent tree pruning and grafting mechanisms.