DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a network management protocol used to automatically assign IP addresses, subnet masks, gateways, DNS servers, and other network configuration parameters to devices on a network. Beyond basic IP allocation, DHCP services include relay functionality to forward DHCP requests across network segments, snooping capabilities to monitor and validate DHCP transactions for security purposes, and option 82 support for enhanced network visibility and control. These features enable centralized IP address management, prevent rogue DHCP servers, and provide detailed tracking of device network access patterns.